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Хроматин Chromatin = Fibers of DNA and attached proteins which coil-up during the early stages of cell division to form the visible chromosomes. |
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Нуклеоплазма Nucleoplasm = The semi-fluid substance within the nucleus. |
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Мембрана ядерная Nuclear Envelope = The double membrane which encloses the nucleus. The membranes composing the envelope contain protein channels called nuclear pores. |
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Эндоплазматическая сеть Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum = A network (reticulum) of tubular membranes in which are embedded large numbers of ribosomes (the black dots). Secretory proteins as well as membrane proteins are produced by the ribosomes on the surface of the RER. |
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Рибосома Ribosomes = Very small non-membrane bound structures which occur free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. |
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Аппарат Гольджи Golgi body = Groups of flattened membrane bound sacs which package, store, modify, and transport products produced by the endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth). |
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Визикулы транспортные Transport Vesicles = Small membrane bound sacs which move materials from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and/or materials from the Golgi apparatus to other sites in the cell or to the outside of the cell. |
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Лизосома Lysosomes = Membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes. They are produced by the Golgi apparatus. |
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Митохондрия Mitochondria (mitochondrion = singular) are organelles which are bounded by two membranes and within which many of the biochemcial reactions of aerobic respiration occur. Mitochondria contain DNA (called m-DNA) and ribosomes. |
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Мембрана Cell Membrane = The very thin (9-10 nm) membrane which separates a cell's contents from its outside environment. It is composed of two layers of phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and cholesterol (only in animal cell membranes). The cell membrane is semi-permeable. |